Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced naturally during cellular metabolism often cause oxidative damage to cells. However, ...

Plant cell and molecular biology encompasses the structures, processes and signalling pathways that underpin growth, development and environmental adaptation. At the subcellular level, research ...

Water scarcity is projected to intensify across many major agricultural regions in the coming decades. According to the World Resources Institute, by 2040 more than one third of global cropland is ...

Human bodies defend themselves using a diverse population of immune cells that circulate from one organ to another, responding to everything from cuts to colds to cancer. But plants don't have this ...

The sunlight-collecting organelles known as chloroplasts solve a packing problem: how to optimize photosynthesis without sustaining damage from dangerously intense rays. Living on light is a dangerous ...

Scientists have created a new atlas of plant cells during immune response, in turn discovering a new rare cell state, called Primary IMmunE Responder (PRIMER), that acts as an immune response hub to ...