Particle physics is the study of the elementary building blocks of matter and radiation and their interaction. The fundamental particles are summarised by the standard model. This includes leptons ...

Particle astrophysics is the study of fundamental particles travelling through space, particularly those that reach the Earth. These cosmic rays include photons, protons, alpha particles and neutrinos ...

The table below shows a comparison of the same substance in three different states. A single particle does not have the properties of the material it is part of. The properties of a substance are the ...